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Roman Catholicism in Scotland
Roman Catholicism in Scotland ((スコットランド・ゲール語:An Eaglais Chaitligeach)), overseen by the Scottish Bishops' Conference, is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic church, the Christian church headed by the Pope. After being firmly established in Scotland for nearly a millennium, Roman Catholicism was outlawed following the Scottish Reformation in 1560. Catholic Emancipation in 1793 helped Roman Catholics regain civil rights. In 1878, the Roman Catholic hierarchy was formally restored.〔(Archdiocese of Edinburgh ) www.archdiocese-edinburgh.com. Retrieved 21 February 2009〕 Throughout these changes, several pockets in Scotland retained a significant pre-Reformation Roman Catholic population, including parts of Banffshire, the Hebrides, and more northern parts of the Scottish Highlands.
In 1716, Scalan seminary was established in the Highlands and rebuilt in the 1760s by Bishop John Geddes, a well-known figure in the Edinburgh of the Enlightenment period. When Robert Burns wrote to a correspondent that "the first (is, finest ) cleric character I ever saw was a Roman Catholick," he was referring to Bishop Geddes.〔Michael Martin, "Sae let the Lord be thankit," ''The Tablet'', 27 June 2009, 20.〕 Scottish Gaeldom has been both Roman Catholic and Protestant in modern times. A number of Scottish Gaelic areas now are mainly Roman Catholic, including Barra, South Uist, and Moidart. The poet and novelist Angus Peter Campbell writes frequently about Roman Catholicism in his work. (See also the "Religion of the Yellow Stick".)
In the 2001 census, about 16% of the population of Scotland described themselves as being Roman Catholic, compared with 42% affiliated with the Church of Scotland.〔()〕 Many Roman Catholics in Scotland are the descendants of Irish immigrants and of Highland migrants who moved to Scotland's cities and towns during the 19th century, when there was a potato famine in Ireland, and older Scottish Highland minorities. However, there are significant numbers of Italian, Lithuanian〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Legacies – Immigration and Emigration – Scotland – Strathclyde – Lithuanians in Lanarkshire )〕 and Polish descent, with more recent Polish immigrants again boosting the numbers of continental Roman Catholic Europeans in Scotland. Owing to immigration (overwhelmingly white European), it is estimated that, in 2009, there were about 850,000 Catholics in a country of 5.1 million.〔Andrew Collier "Scotland's confident Catholics" ''Tablet'' 10 January 2009, 16〕 Between 1994 and 2002, Roman Catholic attendance in Scotland declined 19% to just over 200,000. By 2008, the Roman Catholic Bishops' Conference of Scotland estimated that 184,283 attended Mass regularly.
==History==
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